How to connect a peer with an external IP address

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On the public IPFS network, they use relay nodes (which are reachable) and hole punching. It’s less efficient than using port mapping, but it works. Unfortunately, relay nodes don’t work when using swarm keys, so at least one of your two nodes has to be reachable for them to establish a connection. This isn’t an IPFS issue, it’s just the way the internet works.

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